| 2004年亚洲杯与2004年欧洲杯足球赛运动员犯规特征的比较研究摘要翻译对照
[打印] [关闭] 发布时间：[2008-8-8]
中 文 摘 要
足球比赛的目的是进球和反进球。以争夺球、时间和空间为特征。进攻是诱惑、利用对方的错误达到进球目的。防守是控制、破坏对方的行为，以达到反进球的目的[1]。队员在比赛过程中对抗争抢必然会出现合理和不合理的技术动作。比赛中，双方队员之间的身体接触和冲撞也是不可避免的，犯规是客观存在的。随着足球技战术水平的不断发展，运动员竞技能力的不断提高，足球比赛的拼抢更加激烈、凶猛，队员之间的身体接触越来越多，导致出现的犯规也就越来越多。
本文将就2004年亚洲杯与欧洲杯比赛中，队员犯规的规律和特点进行分析研究，运用多种研究方法，得出：1、在现代足球比赛中亚洲队员、欧洲队员犯规均是以直接任意球的犯规为主，犯规的类型呈现出直接任意球高于间接任意球的态势。犯规的手段大都采用侵人犯规，犯规都带有一定的攻击性。2、亚洲杯比赛犯规高峰期出现在比赛的开始阶段和临近比赛结束阶段，而欧洲杯比赛犯规高峰期则出现在下半时比赛开始阶段和临近比赛结束阶段，亚洲杯与欧洲杯出现红黄牌的数量下半时明显高于上半时。3、亚洲杯比赛和欧洲杯比赛犯规的共同特征是中场的中路犯规最多，亚洲杯比赛中后场犯规较多，欧洲杯比赛中前场犯规较多，红黄牌主要集中在中场的中路。4、亚洲队员下肢犯规多于上肢，且主要集中在下肢的踢和上肢的拉；欧洲队员犯规上肢多于下肢，主要集中在推人犯规和绊人犯规。5、亚洲队员进攻时容易出现越位，犯规次数高于欧洲队员，犯规高峰期出现在比赛的开始阶段，且主要是前锋队员容易犯规。
总之，通过对亚洲杯与欧洲杯比赛队员犯规特点及规律的研究，可以看出亚洲球员与欧洲球员相比，无论在身体素质、基本技术、综合技战术的运用，尤其是对犯规技战术的运用等方面存在较大差距。其原因是多方面的，遵循足球运动的发展规律，根据自己球队的特点，科学的管理和训练,不断的提高亚洲足球水平。本文研究目的是找出比赛中队员犯规的特点规律，为足球裁判员的工作提供参考依据，同时也为球队训练提供有益的理论参考。
关键词：足球、犯规、动作特征
Abstract
The purpose of football match is the goal and anti-goal. The characteristic is to fight for the ball, time and space. The attack is luring, utilizing the opponent’s mistake to achieve the goal. Defense is a behavior of controlling, disorganizing the opponent in order to achieve the anti-goal. So some fouls and ungentlemanly conduct is natural. Body contact and charging between players is unavoidable. Fouls exist objectively. With the level of technical and tactical development and players’ ability’s improvement, aggression in the match is more violent and fierce; body contact between players appears more and more, which make fouls appearing more and more too.
The present will analyze the rule and characteristic of fouls in European Cup and Asia Cup football match. According to some research technique, we can see:
1. In the modern football matches, Asian players and European players
mainly make fouls with direct free kick, which is more than indirect free kick by numbers. The means of fouls is mostly person foul which has certain attack.
2. The foul frequency shows significant discrepancy between Asian Cup
and European Cup of match. Fouls in peak-hour in Asian Cup arises always at the beginning and close to the end of the match; but fouls in peak-hour in European Cup appear at the beginning of the second half and close to match. Regardless of Asian cup and European cup, the quantity of red cards and yellow cards is higher in second half than first half obviously.
3. The common characteristic of fouls in Asia Cup and Europe Cup is that
fouls always appear in the middle way of midfield. Fouls appear more in the own half in Asia, while appear more in the opposing half and midfield in Europe Cup. Red cards and yellow cards centers in the middle ways of the midfield mainly.
4. Asian players’ fouls with low limbs is higher than with upper limbs and
concentrate on low limbs’ stamping and upper limbs’ drawing; European players’ fouls with upper limbs is higher than low limbs and mainly concentrate on stamping and tripping.
5. It is easy for Asian players to be offside when attacking and more
frequently than European players. Fouls in peak-hour appear at the beginning stage of a match, and forwards make fouls easily.
In a word, according to the research on the characteristic and rule of fouls
between 2004Asian Cup and European Cup, we can find out there is a heavy disparity between Asian players and European players, no matter the application in the physique, basic techniques, comprehensive tactics, especially the application of fouls tactics. Reasons are in many aspects: Asian soccer’s developing time is short, professional match is still not ripe, understanding to soccer is still not deep, and referee’s level of Asian soccer relatively low. So, the development of the Asian soccer’s integral level is not a thing overnight. It must follow the rule of development of the football, manage and train scientifically according to the characteristic of our own teams. The purpose of this paper is to find the characteristic of foul in the match so as to give referee and football team’s training some reference and the beneficial theory.
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资料由
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